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Crown Pillar Mining
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Application of empirical methods to estimate crown …
The main empirical method to evaluate crown pillar stability was proposed by Carter (1992) as a stability chart and was upgraded by Carter (2014) with the scaled span concept which is commonly used in stope mines. However, these methods are not used to evaluate block cave mine crown pillars, with most of the analysis based on numerical ...
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(PDF) Determination of the Optimum Crown Pillar
engineers is determining the optimal thickness of a crown pillar. in a combined mining method using open-pit and block caving. Therefore, the authors attempted to establish a formula for ...
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Seepage channel development in the crown pillar: Insights …
1. Introduction. A crown pillar is defined as the in-situ rock or transition region between the pit bottom and an underground opening due to a transition from open pit to underground mining. 1 Such structure is used to support the overburden and provide a safe working environment for personnel and equipment. Thus, ensuring the stability of …
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Full article: Stability analysis of crown pillar under the zone …
To design an optimal crown pillar, a comprehensive investigation is necessary for each mine, focusing on the behaviour of the crown pillar regarding stress distribution, roof convergence, and yielding zones under the relaxation zone (Hosseini et al. Citation 2023). Geological and geo-mining conditions vary greatly between mines due …
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(PDF) Room and Pillar Mining with case studies
Download Free PDF. Introduction: Room and Pillar mining method is one of the oldest existing methods in underground mining unsupported methods. In room-and-pillar mining, openings are driven orthogonally and at regular intervals in a mineral deposit – forming rectangular or square pillars for natural support.
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Use of an artificial crown pillar in transition from open pit …
A comparison of the cost of mining the natural crown pillar, processing the ore and constructing the artificial crown pillar with the market price of the gold obtained showed a profit of 30%.
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Risk considerations for crown pillar stability assessment for mine …
Evaluation of the long-term surface stability of crown pillars overlying underground mines is an important component of mine closure planning. The definition of a crown pillar, as well as a brief discussion of the assessment of the probability and consequence of crown pillar failure are given in this paper. Techniques for stability assessment using mechanistic, …
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Strategies for surface crown pillar design using numerical modelling
The stress-strain state of the crown pillar is analyzed in each mining step to detect potential overstressed failure zones, and the obtained modelling results confirmed the field observations. Yardimci et al. 9 ascertained the stable crown pillar thickness for the transition region from the surface to underground operations in a case study.
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(PDF) Crown Pillar Optimization for Surface to Underground Mine
A crown pillar is to be designed in the transition region from surface to underground operations. Crown pillar dimensioning effects the overall ore recovery in such small-scale ore bodies.
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Numerical Analysis of Sill and Crown Pillar Stability for …
Thus the optimization of sill and crown pillar dimension is very important for metalliferous mines. Very thick crown pillars cause the loss of reserves whilst …
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Numerical Simulation of Crown Pillar Behaviour in …
Crown pillars provide regional and local support by isolating the ground surface from underground mine workings. Topography above the underground mine may be a relatively flat ground surface or an open-pit structure. Depending on what lies above and design of the underground mine, the crown pillar behaviour will differ. In …
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Crown-pillar risk assessment-planning aid for cost-effective mine …
Assessing crown stability Since in almost all situations where a crown pillar has been used in mining there are significant differences between the overall rock mass characteristics of the ore zone and those of the hanging-wall and footwall, it is clear that attempts to describe the stability of such crowns by means of a singlevalue factor of ...
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Crown Pillar Optimization for Surface to Underground …
mine. A crown pillar was planned to be left below the open pit to sustain safety in the underground operation, which was planned to produce remaining ore in the lower parts. 2.1. ...
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Mining | Free Full-Text | A Stope Mining Design with
This division allows separate assessments of the area above the crown pillar for open pit mining and below for underground mining. By considering geological factors, economics, and other relevant considerations, the authors aim to optimize extraction by employing the most suitable mining methods for each portion [12,13,14]. Pre-selecting …
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Stop Mining Method
The profitability of a room and pillar mine depends on optimization of the size and spacing of the pillars so that the greatest portion of coal can be removed without compromising the stability of the pillars. ... This is repeated for successively high sub-levels extending the stope upward until the crown pillar is reached. The mine ore is mac ...
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Crown pillar design in highly dipping coal seam
Crown pillar design in highly dipping coal seam. 1. Introduction. In horizon mining, stability of horizon is very important for safe exploitation of coal block developed between two horizons in a highly dipping seam. Under such conditions, crown and sill pillars are generally left in the coal seam for protecting the horizons.
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Design of crown pillar thickness using finite element method …
Abstract. Minerals are now being extracted from deep mines due to drying up of resource in shallow ground. The need for suitable supports and ground control …
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Numerical simulation study on stability analysis of crown pillar…
The transition from an open-pit to an underground space is inevitable to exploit deposits from greater depth. Crown pillar, a remnant ore usually left in between open-pit to underground mining that supports the terrain and aids in carrying out underground mining operations safely and its stability is vital. The design of crown …
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(PDF) Geomechanics of sill pillar mining
The results indicate that increasing the crown pillar thickness from 5 to 8 m reduces maximum vertical deformation by 55.8% and the maximum extent of yielding zones from 2.2 to 0 m.
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Pillar Robbing, Technique of | SpringerLink
Pillar Robbing, Technique of. Pillar robbing is the method and technical process of ore pillar recovery based on the comprehensive consideration of various factors such as the ground pressure behavior law of the mine, pressure-bearing capacity of the pillar, output distribution of each stoping step, and economic benefit.
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Crown Pillar Optimization for Surface to Underground Mine …
Crown pillar dimensioning effects the overall ore recovery in such small-scale ore bodies. Proper dimensioning has to ensure the stability of open pit mine slopes …
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Risk Evaluation, Design, Implementation, Instrumentation, and
The Santo Niño ore body at Pinos Altos Mine has been in production since 2009 using both open pit and underground mining methods. Between 2015 and 2017, an extensive study evaluated extraction strategy of the Santo Niño crown pillar. The Agnico Eagle project team evaluated geomechanical, operational, safety and economical risks …
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A New Approach to Surface Crown Pillar Design
1. Introduction. Designing for stability of surface crown pillars over mined openings involves not only an understanding of the rock mass characteristics of the ore zone and …
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Strategies for surface crown pillar design using numerical …
Surface crown pillars are formed above all underground mining operations situated near the ground surface, as shown in Fig. 1. As mining proceeds towards the …
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Determination of the Crown Pillar Thickness Between Open …
In this study, the determination of crown pillar thickness for coal mining based on preventing water inrush has been performed successfully. The obtained results indicate that for the longwall mining operation with coal seam of 4 m, crown pillar thickness in the range of 100–250 m can be considered sufficient to prevent water …
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Lily Mine: Ex-manager claims collapsed crown pillar was …
A former Lily Mine manager has claimed the crown pillar that led to the collapse of the mine sent no warning signs beforehand. Bongani Rantho testified at the inquest into the tragedy they had ...
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Microseismicity Induced by Fault Activation During the
Shirengou iron mine in Hebei Province, China is now under transition from open pit to underground mining. During this process, the unstable failure risk of crown pillar is growing as a result of underground mining, fault activation and water seepage. To monitor the stability of the crown pillar, a microseismic monitoring system was …
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Use of an artificial crown pillar in transition from open pit to
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJRMMS.2019.03.028 Corpus ID: 135092902; Use of an artificial crown pillar in transition from open pit to underground mining @article{Xu2019UseOA, title={Use of an artificial crown pillar in transition from open pit to underground mining}, author={Shuai Xu and Fidelis T. Suorineni and Long An and Yuanhui Li and Chang Yu …
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Crown Pillar Design in The Transition from Open Pit to
Tumelo K. M. D. Takashi Sasaoka, et al. "Design of crown pillar and mining system in transition from open pit to the underground for steep-dipping low-grade deposit in fluorite mine, Mongolia ...
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A New Approach to Surface Crown Pillar Design
2. Stability Assessment Approaches. Stability assessment for surface crown _pillar design requires some evaluation of bedrock geometry and weathering effects. Traditionally, some cognizance of these effects has been incorporated into the classic Rules of Thumb for mining beneath crown pillars.
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Schematic of a crown pillar between an open pit and …
Joan Atieno. Crown pillars provide regional and local support by isolating the ground surface from underground mine workings. Topography above the underground mine may be a relatively flat ground ...
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Stability analysis of underground mine hard rock pillars via
Many pillars remain in underground mines when the room-and-pillar mining technique is used. The pillars can protect the equipment and ensure the safety of workers during the deep mining of solid mineral resources, where structures are left between two or more underground openings (Li, Zhou, Wang, & Liu, 2017).Therefore, proper pillar …
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Crown Pillar Optimization for Surface to Underground Mine …
A crown pillar is to be designed in the transition region from surface to underground operations. Crown pillar dimensioning effects the overall ore recovery in such small-scale ore bodies. Proper dimensioning has to ensure the stability of open pit mine slopes and underground mine structural units as underground mining progresses to …
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Underground metal mine crown pillar stability analysis
The open stope mining method is the most common underground extractive technique used in Australian metalliferous mines. The crown pillar as it stands in the vertical plane between two open stopes is an integral part of the global stability of an underground metal mine. The stability of crown pillars are significantly affected by the mechanical and …
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Robust Design of Pillar Arrangement for Safe Room-and …
replicated a room-and-pillar mine with two levels and four openings, as depicted in Fig. 4. The numerical Fig. 3 Room and pillar mining design Table 1 Standard characteristics of design factors Factor level Pillar stiffness (grade) Pillar overlap ratio Thickness of crown pillar Pillar width 1 High (II) Complete () Thick (15 m) Thick (15 m)
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Numerical simulation study on stability analysis of crown …
Crown pillar, a remnant ore usually left in between open-pit to underground mining that supports the terrain and aids in carrying out underground …
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Numerical simulation study on stability analysis of …
the crown pillar for a gold mine orebody existing below a tailing dam are studied in detail by Chen and Mitri (2021). Numerical modelling is mostly carried out using the softwares like Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3D (FLAC3D) (Li et al. 2013), CPillar, where the rock strata is stratied and Three-dimensional Distinct Element Code
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Determination of the minimum thickness of crown pillar for …
The maximum subsidence of the crown pillar is relatively small, because the mining stopes are fully filled after excavation at the subsea gold mine in the numerical model. The relative deformation rate (δ) of the crown pillar after the fifth mining stage is (11) δ = 18 / (55 × 1000) ≈ 0.033 % < 0.1 % Download : Download full-size image ...